Ks0074(75, 76) keyestudio Advanced Study Kit for Arduino

keyestudio Advanced Study Kit for Arduino

Kit Introduction

Arduino advanced study kit walks you through the basics of using the Arduino in a hands-on way. You'll learn through building several creative projects. The kit includes a selection of the most common and useful electronic components with a book of 28 projects. Starting the basics of electronics, to more complex projects, the kit will help you control the physical world with sensor and actuators.

Introduction of keyestudio UNO R3 Board

Overview

Keyestudio Uno r3 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno r3 differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

Parameters

• 1. Microcontroller core: AVRmega328P-PU ( Processing speed 20MIPS)
• 2. Working voltage: +5V
• 3. External input voltage：+7V~+12V（suggest）
• 4. External input voltage ( extremum ): +6V≤ Vin ≤ ＋20V
• 5. Digital signal I/O interface: 14 ( 6 PWM input interface)
• 6. Analog signal input interface: 6
• 7. DC I/O interface current: 40mA
• 8. Flash capacity: 32KB( other 2k used in hootloader)
• 9. SRAM static storage capacity
• 10. EEPROM storage capacity: 512bytes
• 11. Clock frequency：16MHZ

User

• 1 | Download the Arduino Environment

Get the latest version from the download page.
When the download finishes, unzip the downloaded file. Make sure to preserve the folder structure. Double-click the folder to open it. There should be a few files and sub-folders inside.

• 2 | Connect the Board

The Arduino Uno, Mega, Duemilanove and Arduino Nano automatically draw power from either the USB connection to the computer or an external power supply. If you're using an Arduino Diecimila, you'll need to make sure that the board is configured to draw power from the USB connection. The power source is selected with a jumper, a small piece of plastic that fits onto two of the three pins between the USB and power jacks. Check that it's on the two pins closest to the USB port.
Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB cable. The green power LED (labelled PWR) should go on.

• 3 | Install the drivers

Installing drivers for the Arduino Uno or Arduino Mega 2560 with Windows 7, Vista, or XP:
Plug in your board and wait for Windows to begin it's driver installation process. After a few moments, the process will fail, despite its best efforts Click on the Start Menu, and open up the Control Panel.
While in the Control Panel, navigate to System and Security. Next, click on System. Once the System window is up, open the Device Manager.
Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open port named "Arduino UNO (COMxx)". If there is no COM & LPT section, look under "Other Devices" for "Unknown Device".
Right click on the "Arduino UNO (COmxx)" port and choose the "Update Driver Software" option.
Next, choose the "Browse my computer for Driver software" option.
Finally, navigate to and select the driver file named "arduino.inf", located in the "Drivers" folder of the Arduino Software download (not the "FTDI USB Drivers" sub-directory). If you are using an old version of the IDE (1.0.3 or older), choose the Uno driver file named "Arduino UNO.inf"
Windows will finish up the driver installation from there.

See also: step-by-step screenshots for installing the Uno under Windows XP. Installing drivers for the Arduino Duemilanove, Nano, or Diecimila with Windows7, Vista, or XP: When you connect the board, Windows should initiate the driver installation process (if you haven't used the computer with an Arduino board before). On Windows Vista, the driver should be automatically downloaded and installed. (Really, it works!) On Windows XP, the Add New Hardware wizard will open: When asked Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software? select No, not this time. Click next. Select Install from a list or specified location (Advanced) and click next. Make sure that Search for the best driver in these locations is checked; uncheck Search removable media; check Include this location in the search and browse to the drivers/FTDI USB Drivers directory of the Arduino distribution. (The latest version of the drivers can be found on the FTDI website.) Click next. The wizard will search for the driver and then tell you that a "USB Serial Converter" was found. Click finish. The new hardware wizard will appear again. Go through the same steps and select the same options and location to search. This time, a "USB Serial Port" will be found. You can check that the drivers have been installed by opening the Windows Device Mananger (in the Hardware tab of System control panel). Look for a "USB Serial Port" in the Ports section; that's the Arduino board.

• 4 | Launch the Arduino application

Double-click the Arduino application. (Note: if the Arduino software loads in the wrong language, you can change it in the preferences dialog. See the environment page for details.)

• 5 | Open the blink example

Open the LED blink example sketch: File > Examples > 1.Basics > Blink.

• 6 | Select your board

You'll need to select the entry in the Tools > Board menu that corresponds to your Arduino.

Selecting an Arduino Uno
For Duemilanove Arduino boards with an ATmega328 (check the text on the chip on the board), select Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328. Previously, Arduino boards came with an ATmega168; for those, select Arduino Diecimila, Duemilanove, or Nano w/ ATmega168. (Details of the board menu entries are available on the environment page.)

• 7 | Select your serial port

Select the serial device of the Arduino board from the Tools | Serial Port menu. This is likely to be COM3 or higher (COM1and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial ports). To find out, you can disconnect your Arduino board and re-open the menu; the entry that disappears should be the Arduino board. Reconnect the board and select that serial port.

• 8 | Upload the program

Now, simply click the "Upload" button in the environment. Wait a few seconds - you should see the RX and TX leds on the board flashing. If the upload is successful, the message "Done uploading." will appear in the status bar. (Note: If you have an Arduino Mini, NG, or other board, you'll need to physically present the reset button on the board immediately before pressing the upload button.)

A few seconds after the upload finishes, you should see the pin 13 (L) LED on the board start to blink (in orange). If it does, congratulations! You've gotten Arduino up-and-running. If you have problems, please see the troubleshooting suggestions. You might also want to look at: the examples for using various sensors and actuators the reference for the Arduino language The text of the Arduino getting started guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the guide are released into the public domain.

Introduction of keyestudio Mega 2560 R3 board

Introduction

Keyestudio Mega (core to ATmega2560) is a development board (used with16MHz crystal oscillator ) of microcontroller. There 54 groups of  I/O (input/output ) digital ends (of which 14 group to do PWM output), 16 groups of simulation analogy input ends and 4 groups of UART (hardwareserial ports) in it . Because its bootloader, process can be downloaded directly with the USB and you don’t need to use other external programmer. And its power can be supplied by the USB, or the AC-to-DC adapter  and battery can be also as an external power supply.

Opening source code and using C language developed status in Java concept (cross platform) make a rapid growth of Arduino peripheral module and application. The main reason to attract Artist to use Arduino is that they can quickly use all kinds of software communication such as Arduino language and Flash or Processing and so on. and make multimedia interactive works. Development interface of Arduino IDE is based on the principle of opening source code, which you can download freely used in the thematic making, school teaching, television controlling, interactive works and so on.

Design of Power Supply

There are two choices (direct power supply trough USB or external power supply) for the power supply system of Arduino Mega, and they can be Automatic switched. External power supply can be AC-to-DC adapter or battery. Lit rang of voltage of this control board is 6V~12V, but if the supplied voltage is greater than 12V, the voltage stabilizing device will be likely overheated and overheat protection and damaging Arduino MEGA will be more likely to occur. So we suggest the power supply should be 6.5~12V in operation and recommended supply is 7.5 or 9V.

Summary

Microcontroller:ATmega2560
Operating Voltage:5V
Input Voltage (recommended):7-12V
Input Voltage (limits):6-20V
Digital I/O Pins:54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins:16
DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin:50 mA
Flash Memory:256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
SRAM:8 KB
EEPROM:4 KB
Clock Speed:16 MHz

Procedure for Installing Arduino Driver

To download the Arduino developing software on the web address: http:/arduino.cc/en/Main/Software. The downloaded file is arduino-1.0.zip,a compressed folder, to decompress it to the hard disk.

When 2560R3 Developing Board is connected to the Windows through the USB line, Windows will prompt a new USB device is found, then it will lead us into the "found new hardware wizard" window.

The next step is to install 2560R3 driver required, selecting the option of "install from a list or specific location (Senior)" and click "next" button:
To put the driver into the driver directory of Arduino 1.0 installation directory, and we need to specify this directory to be the searched directory when installing the driver.

Click "next" button, Windows begins to find and install Arduino driving procedure.
If all goes well, we will see the success interface as follows:

After the installation of Arduino driver is successful, we can find the corresponding Arduino serial port in the Windows device manager:

Well, the next is to test driver installation.
Testing code:

Copy the code above to Arduino status , select the model 2560 and port, and then upload the code. To wait a moment and the results came out, then you will see the LED flashing at D13 of your 2560r3 board and the time interval is 1s, and then we know that is ok.

Components List

No.	Product Name	Quantity	Picture
1	LED - Blue	5
2	LED - Red	5
3	LED - Yellow	5
4	LED - RGB	1
5	220 Ω resistor	8
6	10K Ω resistor	5
7	1K Ω resistor	5
8	10K Ω Pot	1
9	Buzzer (active)	1
10	Buzzer (passive)	1
11	Large button switch	4
12	Ball tilt sensor	2
13	Photo Resistor	3
14	Flame sensor	1
15	LM35 Temp Sensor	1
16	IC 74HC595N 16-pin DIP	1
17	7-seg LED 1x module	1
18	7-seg LED 4x module	1
19	8*8 LED Matrix	1
20	2x16 LCD display	1
21	IR receiver	1
22	IR remote control	1
23	Servo Motor	1
24	Stepper driver module	1
25	Stepper Motor	1
26	Joystick module	1
27	Relay module	1
28	PIR Motion Sensor	1
29	Analog Gas Sensor	1
30	ADXL345 Three Axis Acceleration Module	1
31	HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor	1
32	Pin headers	40
33	830 hole Breadboard	1
34	Dupont connector wires	10
35	Jumper Wire	30
36	6-cell AA Battery pack	1
37	USB cable	1

Project Details

Project 1: Hello World

Introduction

As for starters, we will begin with something simple. In this project, you only need an Arduino and a USB cable to start the "Hello World!" experiment. This is a communication test of your Arduino and PC, also a primer project for you to have your first try of the Arduino world!

Hardware Required
1. Arduino board x1
2. USB cable x1

Sample Code
After installing driver for Arduino, let's open Arduino software and compile code that enables Arduino to print "Hello World!" under your instruction. Of course, you can compile code for Arduino to continuously echo "Hello World!" without instruction. A simple If () statement will do the instruction trick. With the onboard LED connected to pin 13, we can instruct the LED to blink first when Arduino gets an instruction and then print "Hello World!”.

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int val;//define variable val
int ledpin=13;// define digital interface 13
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);// set the baud rate at 9600 to match the software set up. When connected to a specific device, (e.g. bluetooth), the baud rate needs to be the same with it.
  pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);// initialize digital pin 13 as output. When using I/O ports on an Arduino, this kind of set up is always needed.
}
void loop()
{
  val=Serial.read();// read the instruction or character from PC to Arduino, and assign them to Val.
  if(val=='R')// determine if the instruction or character received is “R”.
  {  // if it’s “R”,    
    digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH);// set the LED on digital pin 13 on. 
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW);// set the LED on digital pin 13 off.    delay(500);
    Serial.println("Hello World!");// display“Hello World！”string.
  }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

Click serial port monitor,Input R,LED 13 will blink once,PC will receive information from Arduino: Hello World

After you choosing the right port，the experiment should be easy for you!

Project 2: LED blinking

Introduction

Blinking LED experiment is quite simple. In the "Hello World!" program, we have come across LED. This time, we are going to connect an LED to one of the digital pins rather than using LED13, which is soldered to the board. Except an Arduino and an USB cable, we will need extra parts as below:

Hardware Required
1. Red M5 LED*1
2. 220Ω resistor*1
3. Breadboard*1
4. Breadboard jumper wires* several

We follow below diagram from the experimental schematic link. Here we use digital pin 10. We connect LED to a 220 ohm resistor to avoid high current damaging the LED.

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

Sample Code

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int ledPin = 10; // define digital pin 10.
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);// define pin with LED connected as output.
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // set the LED on.
delay(1000); // wait for a second.
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // set the LED off.
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

After downloading this program, in the experiment, you will see the LED connected to pin 10 turning on and off, with an interval approximately one second. The blinking LED experiment is now completed. Thank you!

Project 3: PWM

Introduction

PWM, short for Pulse Width Modulation, is a technique used to encode analog signal level into digital ones. A computer cannot output analog voltage but only digital voltage values such as 0V or 5V. So we use a high resolution counter to encode a specific analog signal level by modulating the duty cycle of PMW. The PWM signal is also digitalized because in any given moment, fully on DC power supply is either 5V (ON), or 0V (OFF). The voltage or current is fed to the analog load (the device that uses the power) by repeated pulse sequence being ON or OFF. Being on, the current is fed to the load; being off, it's not. With adequate bandwidth, any analog value can be encoded using PWM. The output voltage value is calculated via the on and off time. Output voltage = (turn on time/pulse time) * maximum voltage value

PWM has many applications: lamp brightness regulating, motor speed regulating, sound making, etc. The following are the three basic parameters of PMW:

1. The amplitude of pulse width (minimum / maximum)
2. The pulse period (The reciprocal of pulse frequency in 1 second)
3. The voltage level（such as：0V-5V）
There are 6 PMW interfaces on Arduino, namely digital pin 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. In previous experiments, we have done "button-controlled LED", using digital signal to control digital pin, also one about potentiometer. This time, we will use a potentiometer to control the brightness of the LED.

Hardware Required
1. Potentiometer*1
2. Red M5 LED*1
3. 220Ω resistor
4. Breadboard*1
5. Breadboard jumper wires*several

The input of potentiometer is analog, so we connect it to analog port, and LED to PWM port. Different PWM signal can regulate the brightness of the LED.

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

Sample Code

In the program compiling process, we will use the analogWrite (PWM interface, analog value) function. In this experiment, we will read the analog value of the potentiometer and assign the value to PWM port, so there will be corresponding change to the brightness of the LED. One final part will be displaying the analog value on the screen. You can consider this as the "analog value reading" project adding the PWM analog value assigning part. Below is a sample program for your reference.

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int potpin=0;// initialize analog pin 0
int ledpin=11;//initialize digital pin 11（PWM output）
int val=0;// Temporarily store variables' value from the sensor
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);// define digital pin 11 as “output”
Serial.begin(9600);// set baud rate at 9600
// attention: for analog ports, they are automatically set up as “input”
}
void loop()
{
val=analogRead(potpin);// read the analog value from the sensor and assign it to val
Serial.println(val);// display value of val
analogWrite(ledpin,val/4);// turn on LED and set up brightness（maximum output of PWM is 255）
delay(10);// wait for 0.01 second
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

After downloading the program, when we rotate the potentiometer knob, we can see changes of the displaying value, also obvious change of the LED brightness on the breadboard.

Project 4: Traffic light

Introduction

In the previous program, we have done the LED blinking experiment with one LED. Now, it’s time to up the stakes and do a bit more complicated experiment-traffic lights. Actually, these two experiments are similar. While in this traffic lights experiment, we use 3 LEDs with different color other than 1 LED.

Hardware Required
1. Arduino board *1
2. USB cable *1
3. Red M5 LED*1
4. Yellow M5 LED*1
5. Green M5 LED*1
6. 220Ω resistor *3
7. Breadboard*1
8. Breadboard jumper wires* several

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

Sample Code

Since it is a simulation of traffic lights, the blinking time of each LED should be the same with those in traffic lights system. In this program, we use Arduino delay () function to control delay time, which is much simpler than C language.

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int redled =10; // initialize digital pin 8.
int yellowled =7; // initialize digital pin 7.
int greenled =4; // initialize digital pin 4.
void setup()
{
pinMode(redled, OUTPUT);// set the pin with red LED as “output”
pinMode(yellowled, OUTPUT); // set the pin with yellow LED as “output”
pinMode(greenled, OUTPUT); // set the pin with green LED as “output”
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(greenled, HIGH);//// turn on green LED
delay(5000);// wait 5 seconds
digitalWrite(greenled, LOW); // turn off green LED
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)// blinks for 3 times
{
delay(500);// wait 0.5 second
digitalWrite(yellowled, HIGH);// turn on yellow LED
delay(500);// wait 0.5 second
digitalWrite(yellowled, LOW);// turn off yellow LED
} 
delay(500);// wait 0.5 second
digitalWrite(redled, HIGH);// turn on red LED
delay(5000);// wait 5 second
digitalWrite(redled, LOW);// turn off red LED
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

When the uploading process is completed, we can see traffic lights of our own design. Note: this circuit design is very similar with the one in LED chase effect. The green light will be on for 5 seconds, and then off., followed by the yellow light blinking for 3 times, and then the red light on for 5 seconds, forming a cycle. Cycle then repeats. Experiment is now completed, thank you.

Project 5: LED chasing effect

Introduction

We often see billboards composed of colorful LEDs. They are constantly changing to form various effects. In this experiment, we compile a program to simulate chase effect.

Hardware Required
1. Led x6
2. 220Ω resistor x6
3. Colorful breadboard wires

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

Sample Code

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int BASE = 2 ;  // the I/O pin for the first LED
int NUM = 6;   // number of LEDs

void setup()
{
   for (int i = BASE; i < BASE + NUM; i ++) 
   {
     pinMode(i, OUTPUT);   // set I/O pins as output
   }
}

void loop()
{
   for (int i = BASE; i < BASE + NUM; i ++) 
   {
     digitalWrite(i, LOW);    // set I/O pins as “low”, turn off LEDs one by one.
     delay(200);        // delay
   }
   for (int i = BASE; i < BASE + NUM; i ++) 
   {
     digitalWrite(i, HIGH);    // set I/O pins as “high”, turn on LEDs one by one
     delay(200);        // delay
   }  
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

You can see the LEDs blink by sequence.

Project 6: Button-controlled LED

Introduction

I/O port means interface for INPUT and OUTPUT. Up until now, we have only used its OUTPUT function. In this experiment, we will try to use the input function, which is to read the output value of device connecting to it. We use 1 button and 1 LED using both input and output to give you a better understanding of the I/O function. Button switches, familiar to most of us, are a switch value (digital value) component. When it's pressed, the circuit is in closed (conducting) state.

Hardware Required
1. Button switch*1
2. Red M5 LED*1
3. 220Ω resistor*1
4. 10KΩ resistor*1
5. Breadboard*1
6. Breadboard jumper wires*several

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

Sample Code

Now, let's begin the compiling. When the button is pressed, the LED will be on. After the previous study, the coding should be easy for you. In this program, we add a statement of judgment. Here, we use an if () statement. Arduino IDE is based on C language, so statements of C language such as while, switch etc. can certainly be used for Arduino program. When we press the button, pin 7 will output high level. We can program pin 11 to output high level and turn on the LED. When pin 7 outputs low level, pin 11 also outputs low level and the LED remains off.

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int ledpin=11;// initialize pin 11
int inpin=7;// initialize pin 7
int val;// define val
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);// set LED pin as “output”
pinMode(inpin,INPUT);// set button pin as “input”
}
void loop()
{
val=digitalRead(inpin);// read the level value of pin 7 and assign if to val
if(val==LOW)// check if the button is pressed, if yes, turn on the LED
{ digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW);}
else
{ digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH);}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

When the button is pressed, LED is on, otherwise, LED remains off. After the above process, the button controlled LED experiment is completed. The simple principle of this experiment is widely used in a variety of circuit and electric appliances. You can easily come across it in your every day life. One typical example is when you press a certain key of your phone, the backlight will be on.

Project 7: Active buzzer

Introduction

Active buzzer is widely used on computer, printer, alarm, electronic toy, telephone, timer etc as a sound making element. It has an inner vibration source. Simply connect it with 5V power supply, it can buzz continuously. 

Hardware Required
1. Buzzer*1
2. Key *1
3. Breadboard*1
4. Breadboard jumper wires*several

Connection for UNO R3

Connection for 2560 R3

When connecting the circuit, pay attention to the positive & the negative poles of the buzzer. In the photo, you can see there are red and black lines. When the circuit is finished, you can begin programming.

Sample Code

Program is simple. You control the buzzer by outputting high/low level. 

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int buzzer=8;// initialize digital IO pin that controls the buzzer
void setup() 
{ 
  pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);// set pin mode as “output”
} 
void loop() 
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // produce sound
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Result

After downloading the program, the buzzer experiment is completed. You can see the buzzer is ringing.